References

237

the lipids probably play a far more active rôle than merely functioning as a passive

matrix for the protein—which may constitute more than 50% of the membrane. The

covalent attachment of a lipid molecule to a protein, typically at a terminal amino

acid, is a significant form of post-translational modification.

It is now known that the eukaryotic lipidome typically comprises many hun-

dreds of different molecules, and their global analysis requires high-throughput

techniques. An important development has been “shotgun” mass spectrometry of

the lipids extracted by solvents,²⁰ which not only enables the different lipids to be

identified, but also quantifies their abundances. The high throughput is achieved by

considerable automation of the process and the data handling is computationally

heavy.²¹

References

Ageno M (1967) Linee di ricerca in fisica biologica. Accad Naz Lincei 102:3–50

Baker EN, Hubbard RE (1984) Hydrogen bonding in globular proteins. Prog Biophys Mol Biol

44:97–179

Dwek RA, Butters TD (eds) Glycobiology. Chem Rev 102(2), 283 ff. (2002)

Ejsing CS, Sampaio JL, Surendranath V, Duchoslav E, Ekroos K, Klemm RW, Simons K, and

Shevchenko A (2009) Global analysis of the yeast lipidome by quantitative shotgun mass spec-

trometry. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 2136–2141

Fernández A (2012a) Epistructural tension promotes protein associations. Phys Rev Lett 108:188102

Fernández A (2012b) Nanoscale electrostatic theory of epistructural fields at the protein-water

interface. J Chem Phys 137:231101

Fernández A, Cendra H (1996) In vitro RNA folding: the principle of sequential minimization of

entropy loss at work. Biophys Chem 58:335–339

Fernández A, Scott R (2003) Dehydron: a structurally encoded signal for protein interaction. Bio-

phys J 85:1914–1928

Fernández A, Sosnick TR, Colubri A (2002) Dynamics of hydrogen bond desolvation in protein

folding. J Mol Biol 321:659–675

Fernández A et al (2003) Structural defects and the diagnosis of amyloidogenic propensity. Proc

Natl Acad Sci USA 100:6446–6451

Feizi T, Fazio F, Chai W, Wang C-H (2003) Carbohydrate microarrays-a new set of technologies at

the frontiers of glycomics. Curr Opin Struct Biol 13:637–645

Higgs PG (2000) RNA secondary structure: physical and computational aspects. Q Rev Biophys

33:199–253

Keating KS, Humphris EL, Pyle AM (2011) A new way to see RNA. Q Rev Biophys 44:433–466

Makova KD, Weissenteiner MH (2022) Noncanonical DNA structures are drivers of genome evo-

lution. Trends Genetics (in press)

Perez-Vilar J, Hill RL (1999) The structure and assembly of secreted mucins. J Biol Chem

274:31751–31754

Ramsden JJ, Grätzel M (1986) Formation and decay of methyl viologen radical cation dimers on

the surface of colloidal CdS. Chem Phys Lett 132:269–272

Rocco M, Infusini E, Daga MG, Gogioso L, Cuniberti TC (1987) Models of fibronectin. EMBO J

6:2343–2349

20 Ejsing et al. (2009); Schwudke et al. (2011).

21 Yetukuri et al. (2008).